تطوير سياسات الاستثمار في التعليم العالي اليمني إطار استشرافي في ضوء التجارب الدولية

Abstract

This study aims to develop a forward-looking framework for enhancing investment policies within Yemeni higher education, ensuring financial sustainability and academic excellence within the context of post-conflict recovery and reconstruction. To address the research gap regarding the lack of integrated models adapted to the Yemeni environment, the study employs a multi-dimensional methodological approach. This approach utilizes descriptive, analytical, comparative, and critical methods to examine (50) primary documents and higher education policy papers in Yemen. These findings were benchmarked against leading international experiences, specifically those of Malaysia, South Korea, Turkey, Egypt, and the United Arab Emirates. The results reveal structural failures in Yemeni legislation that impede the financial and entrepreneurial autonomy of universities, reinforcing a unilateral dependence on the state budget. Furthermore, the findings highlight a significant gap in the adoption of modern financing mechanisms, such as investment endowments (Waqf), Public-Private Partnerships (PPP), and Performance-Based Funding (PBF). Consequently, the study proposes an integrated strategic framework serving as a practical roadmap for policymakers to transform higher education from a consumption-based sector into a driver of sustainable development. This framework is structured across three phases: legislative empowerment, linking funding to performance and resource diversification, and global leadership and attraction. The study concludes with actionable recommendations supported by Key Performance Indicators (KPIs), most notably the urgent need to draft a unified university investment law, the gradual implementation of PBF mechanisms to link funding to quality, and the establishment of an independent high authority for university investment.